Ancient Karnataka Vol. I. History Of Tuluva

Pcom Onertlfl/ Series \ o. 5 J

ANCIENT

KARNATAKA

t

vCh.. i

HISTORY OF TULUVA

Hi

BHArtKICR ANANn SALLTORlv

\i . .1 . , 1‘h.iiL, (umct. ci ciesaen)

H^rnfi-iidr of H iitary

Sii l' ir»ililir:i-n'Lliliai.l 1'n‘ik <r, I’oOftA

ANCIENT KAHNWKANUENT TULUVA

SlhlkbrpLJi-

ivanfffrM

Gan^fcwrtfi

^r; ■{ i : i 1 o o :

milUL.V'Jtl

Kasara^ocE

Nilesh

Mtn^tilore

la Mi lei

BiloSyafi Poinfl-S,

Patina Oriental Series .\ r d. 5i

ANCIENT KARNATAKA

*

VOU C

HISTORY OF TULUVft

3Y

BROKER ANAUD ftALETQRE

MX, ph.if., |LfrfnJ, L’ r cjffiftMl)

I'YnfciSfir of HLiiori
S it T':lT. bl.:l r:HnVUi:i'J ColkSr, I'w.a

POONA

ORIENTAL BOOK AGENCY

1936

Ollllr ivarka bjr Iktr mnc Author

1. Dtr Wen dir Ligt&cheit Lehten Ftir die Lckuhr cicr
indi&eJien Frige. (I.eiplcig, I9fl3). Price Ra. 9,

2 , SL>cii] ii chJ Political Life in ulie Vijay^napira
Eimptre. 2 Volumes. (Mjdras, 19.54) . fts, 12.

3 J he Wild 'i'ribcH :n Endiari I Tisiory ll.aliore* 1935}.
tts. 5.

4. ITm M^irltha Dominion in the Karnataka- ( In the
Press).,

Other work an Ancient KarnSta-ki

1. 3'he Rustrakutaa and Thtif Time!;.

By Ur. A. S. Altekar^ ji.v.. ll b,, p. tin.

PnWiifitr-3 Oriental Ikn4; Agency, PoOna.

Price Rs, 7-fi-0

,-| Jj 1 rig#! rr.rfrtiefl 1 l>fi the Publisher

rnirtii h — & H HohVl-msI, b.a., JJ.Ji.i ^ th<r Simirtli VUvili/i'#
1 Hiiraiirili I [Ha jit ’ Itet-*, ^*7. Sidn^hiv ?clh„ P^rmi 2.
PuU£iW N C. Sied^wa I, l. M.fr*-- ftwiiil If^k

AficnE/, tfi Shdkr»w«t I’rthj Pfrwa I.

The he love J memory of my elder Hr other
Ufeopani ^hnnfcpr
who inspired and guided me
an Lhui work, but was
snatched away before
its completion.

P R [i F A C E

lit ilit follnwirtg f ages i>ip hiBtujry -i>f x precinct nhich
till ih>w ha* remained pTiLtitRlty unknown, hx& lieen brought
10 light fnr Sh-v first Li rise with till" help of all ;l sr;i IJ ub>l ^ IliUd-
ricAl ra a tetris I ?. "!"l i i* province of TuLuva N il-sv ri pt-lmii* Led

by tfi-e Sun l h K*n*r? distri-ri-oF (lie Mudruf- Treside ncy and
lh* greater pit Ft *A tli* Morth K-imara district of the Ihilnbiiy
PieeiJency, hai ever F'onaiiied ah in^e^ral part nt' the ksr.
hi^nfta , with pnLuieal relation* with attiron all ilie myal
HiAtlica shat Tulpd over the apuLth^rn and western pnrtfi of
tin; Peninsula-

The iljuafliy that ruled ever 1 u juvuni d u was rifvr t an,
imperial laiufc; Ijji imperial families al'iiLi ritvf not alw nys
contrihuteJ eLtJher nnh* pnlitjcid nr cultural ^rtsin^B uS"
the twntry Moya] families if minor states Inn in a jural
mewnre, espe-dally in the JCarni^ultHi helped tu p If cm Etc "ur
p r> 0 i v rLL heritage and history. This i R the KR&ij-n w hv. i nta-ia i.l
■::f j>f£in:;in£ llse ancient hntory -t till' l-‘ m rn ..c jl. s WiTri the
Sntnvihnrras ami the M mi rims I have preftevd El with thr
xr. nala nf the Alupafl- vrhi>F« imeTtf.ti'in listoiY dates hack tu
iht second century A, D-i and whose district preacived ip
taot tiro liorruage and culture of the Kitn&t alin when they
were threatened with admixture in the mlier parts nf tEn.-
pr-rivir.ee. One of the mis ms why this ancient dymatt ',ias
ahl? to hand, down to pniurEty the crul 1 1 re nf the Tutu anti
the Kirni^alta peuple, ss hpcauju: nf the iici tlhat its province
neyer buffered iriiL i III invjwiina cy{ the Muhammadans,
■wlimic iicirliuh piswrd an d.jj;i5trous t-u the j-tahilil v if riuiiLLr-
Out- htarea in tile Vfv&Lerr. and scuitSiern pans it the Country.

1/JlC history nl nir district Eias Keen studic-il froO'i Five
IKJintt of view. In the first chapter, dealing with e lit.- Legen-
dary BcgiLiiiLitps, I have attempted to place Tu'uva ski the
backfCK.'und *F Lite Ir^endx ef liie whide .if tha we£teri: 1 -nrt
of India. The second -aad the tltitJ clupteTs deal only wirh
tilt domeitii: a -id foreign relatiuna of the A In pa TiiL<ra, based
entirely on thtir own Et-une and cfrppi t-.plati; insitipiinnE ns

ANf!]R^T

Yl,

iv e 11 an on [hcitfe j| (.heir ■icigh'bn.iirx.ihE Karn^nfc? and Tamil
mnnarstiE- ~l uluva IradiHem ax embodied in □ wn-r V rfillrd
GrumnpndrfliQti , which ■£ in traduced To nC-ho-larF far the first
time,, ft incorporated in e|ie fourth chaptEr ntytrd Village
QrpaJlLxjtinn Religion futtrts line rsfiit topic of m"V study.
b*B«l again cm epigraphs, litetature, and Tuluvi and aim
Tu-iuvi irndithu- And, finally, the life oi the T u In people
glcaofid cuL-lusiv^ty from thdr admirable folk-tunja >: a L I l- ; 1
Lni rid j L Laii 4 !j, brings, c work r." a elate, In the tint
appendix I hove p.veii fl tentative rfndctiug inlo Kannada u(
the psHiiigrE found in ilif Creek FlitejiapmeBd and verified
sjurr my catl Eft ten lie r;n if -nf the fi-aine in ifllft ■udie-n 1 had,
at hja uwn T?t|acBt, sent MaltjnsahnpLLdlvyaya |Jr, H. bhama
Sairrv, th«n Director cl Arabadojietl Ftescnrcbts in
Myturc, ihfiflfi pajdaRe* put into Kannada. A comparative list
af the rainy ]wi*sthcild* nf Tuluvfl, as In nnd in the diiforcnt
v^reinn* the G&m\ipaAtlh«U . lb the second append!* ; and
the itiird contuLna a Ecnfialugita] account of all the Alupi
}j II jja lILeikhvc red. (ill now.

Notwithstanding: my conlinual and pfiTunnal ipvEstinsi-
tions in the vaticum part* uf the district, 1 find that I have
rna-de hut a bcSinuing in rhe direction oi writing a complete
hlaiMjf d the TuLiwa people, Theae pages, the rc ? wc , fojjn
only * preliminary suidy uf tl>i f ancient and Jtjtlicrtn un-
explored ptirvintfi. Since sending [lie Ala. lu the press,
I have HWurcd through the ki i>rl eiertioa uf weUwLsficr* hulJ
£ riefida V*t kiu* Mss . which, should there be in occasinn ill
I hr near future, I all all Imply utjljsie in the next edition of
the wnrk I have defilseratety nmitled some phases nf the
biitnry oF I'ulnva, which will he dealt with in a later
diuMtntlen. This wnrlf Farm* the fi ret of a series of five
volumes -which ptopofie in deal with the history of Ancient
Jtarnajafc* from earliest lime* tilt the dawnhll <if the
Western CSIutyu.

l'EUL'+Ur

vii

1 abstained fj.irn G= v ii>(? a UNiuitlTaplhy j is l hire

cited a Into Ft alt BUthoriiicF -with the necesajry details hi the-
f lkiC notCF , All lEl-C Works u.L i Lizod in my work a nr n vallahEi-
At the Oriental ISook Agtnty, Putin il,

My ohlipar runs. ami E-nutfulnESF air dur id quite a
number uf pentJUF; Mr- K- N DiksJiit. m.a,. Deputy Direc-
tci-^jtntral of Archaeology., Simla, ivhu was mind enmisli
t« a*k the Superintendent of A nchaeolo&y, Southern rin-Je,
to send me e tmii scripts uf 'lit folluwmp unpublished
stone inscription* found La Tu, juvi-Soa . Jt2 and- 41V of
1 *27-2 K, , 4JUt h A W, 4 £ J 1 , m ind 52Hi uf H2tl -2V ; Fan^ir
V emit it ad La a Aelfy.i #rld Pimdi L Kaxgar akiuluru Btia^ja
iiama.'kTsriSyys. hnrjh of Ddip i, wln» EfiiT-rd no pains: either tL.
nccrimp^ny mo til my tours eh the Hixtirict, or to jjuiist mD
in pHictiriEig Mas., or In supply me iyith all the data \
wanted \. Mr. S. I_ Kayudi. Librarian nf the JHcmhas |l lati^h
of the Royil \m.iLio S^iety w ho_ W 1 t ll flip 0VerH>l&] dpny;
Assistants, Htide it possible for me to recast onmpl ctdy an
easier vc Fuiti n rdf this work. Juiini; tho aprind gf T934 . Air.
V- (Jancsh Sunder Kjwf of Udijg and Mr M. Sunder Ftnn, h bn,.

L. T-., of MafiJJ-fllOri: . h hit- have Itnt me SHHr.r of I lit- j t pho-
tographs ‘ r it. ■. |jr(st1ier Mr- G- Saleinre. h- a., irflC' copied
for me j, line totiIoh of [lit f ini r.-ii jpji/ciftrj fi iiidmy; I r> ■■ 1 1
Udipi . M(. K. tt. S’leity of LTJipL, who ku drawn in eyye-l-
lent map iif Ty-luva for me ; my wife wlv» lias prepared ilic
index , VirLi Ji and hik a to Ur Mar llutt Sh:i run who has urn nr

throiiuh flome rtf the pr-vcf* and offered mu V* learned
advioo ; Mr. S, R. SatJeui whast earduL eserulion of the
work merit* all praise ; and Dr. N. C, Sard-wai wli»t kind-
ness and i^ktu' rgsity mike it pitsaible for tills work to appear
in print,

Vijayadn Ninst, j

193/11, Tibk Head, ;

'fotitu, 2, ‘

PAS.

C. O NT EN T S

Chapter Tape

1 LrjfeBdary Bcgi-rtnpiiga ... . .. 1

IE The Alupa Dyn Liitj lL . ... ... 57

[II 3’^reicn Rula'ianH .... ... ... I !?&

IV Village Onjaniaminfi ... ... .., 296

V RHis™ ... ... — ■ ■■ 36 #

VI Lift? m Early Tulu^*,., ... ... +59

Appendix A...

Tht fUfeek Facie with. Old [\ ;’m n j i.I j P-inSajC'S F-H+

Appendix B ... ,,- ... ...

I 3',-nf l'3loIJ r in t:u - 1 i lt ! v [wu {jiiinkt of...

Tu Ink'Ll ... ... ... ... 7 ‘r’t’i

Appendii C ,.,

GesiejIo^iL'iil Table ... ... CIS

I nd c?l ... -■* til]

Map FfOrtiiapLect

TLluftCf iciurm

E R P A T A

Line

For

Rtuti

Jl

13

dhara^i -bbOvat

dkarig.E-detp.r

2H

XL

XU

45

13

■or Tu]4Ta

of Tu )uti

59

14

aam.nbhrty*lam

aaoiambbfty H!im

W

13

uf J3iijt ijjk\Ll:i

■^■4 tho UtiHfUfikulp

, ,

13

Akita

AEuta and

71

21

in village

tile village

124

2

1256

1236

127

H

CWdamatl pva

OvktamtdLrTiii

169

13

Sfyi d=va Alupen

SoyEdeva Alup-

dradeva I

cvlndcfa

2to

9

Mai yalaiiefia

Malay Slidrfjj

222

X

MiruciTi

NlFUKVl

24*

1+

Ffcndyas

P&tulava-J

253

22

UlLnialta 1

Rairni al Lp 11

323

22

be an [ilk

53 rn nc h

344

19

Sakii 74

Ajkfl 742

3S2

Hi

AambiL

fiainbJiLi

391

9

Kituti»k* Devi

KutifUki Devi

474

14

Ueyi UiiriLvcdi

IHyi liaidyedi

4S5

FctfrtnvW I. A.

l A. XX 111

ANCIENT KARNATAKA

¥U«L. |

HISTORY OF TUI. WA

ANCIENT KARNATAKA

1 HISTORY OF I l EUVA

(.'H4l r S'Ktt I

lecksdahy ueclnnincs

HilmrtMrV -DwiVBtM'T! if! flir ii'JIlI 'I'lilwA' t yrpth Ulstf lij '■[ ll-l i-tin= I.: jT

afiii triJiti'nu-l it*-'' Jcs.i-r i. 'i’u|uvj m thr Irmn
I'yrr^lirinu- liksinriEai LrvJ IricUUi'ral imtjcci, nl li"-
jjkh-v nf I'yi M'-uc -i:i >j

rL'U'in^ fcis- the -ifclejieiJ >e( v*L:"n^ 11 f l 1 .aD 1 i,fc*lir J ni-Pi -< ! ■■■■

TcTutfit> *if ihjt r-*r^ irf ihe Tlb^-iO >1 ‘h r e "hi-

"■■j f ■ ■ Nellie jiiui i tj ii*i inn * >. I-S i-fc-ri >rr« -r- !> ' i-ll‘1- i lit

I biL" i"| ■ i C ^ Jfi'1 Ehc I'nrjni - . fi LTunkii Ikl Minuet I‘I
iniiauiEv 'nuj,L'J im ip ijT»?hi. riling »i '3'jkinil juCIi it.*,
inJ k*>.'iiwr:- of &wet s)e»*rjp-bcnj ,

(, hCftLV A l [{JN OF THE w<*[> TU1.JUVA

ifiticnc r J ' II \ UVS truci prised tht* tv ho I r Nil S-mie |
l> hti E i i.‘ H 3<V(t l< p.irr rhCNthrEh K .imr.i I rit! lui^IKtinL'f of
Canar u n a* a \ * p 1 ac l! ti« l h l J, i :• Lr i ui lji i 1 y i 1 1 coiri p« t tit < v s I j
iiu.jfJ-r rn lirruis-- 1 Twliivj* u>clj,s i> eil-^i N 1 5Tt hilIl-s- iri

I. WiLks muIL J ‘ L’ulnuu hv Mil: ninu C anun. i*i m! S fer' -Jbrj

Bf iter Samk fij imfw, I.. P .> 1 1010 ); 1 ., p. 5 (ISM). Jtnd, il^

P"diifijn, .■$ Jammy lArciH^h jr, (Vn u.ira rni^ MNfakjr fit

fc- 1 - m . ^ - k. I ■.! 1 ■ riF 1 1 rip | . i i| | i iv. I Ili ■ Cl Anil.- L - Jri;ni liii nl iidLp|>l iscJ fji

risia j«ibt of Vi Liiifcu m Ind *■• ,-l f Vmpiir»l!rr r fVr. ■» v r I - /Jr 1 3 i./j n

^"enojrri i tj, fiL n. ( 1851) .

i- S^iTEwk. Cnnur .Wamtfir r p i.

[ <’ 1 ..

length, about twenty -five miles broad in its. narrowest
and fifty in i lea in its w i dost parts. Pitt according to
traditional as well as historic rd accounts, rliis province
t xiendcd tar he* vooil l|* ma-dsMi ii'SKi hi the smrlli.
The Legendary origin of j\1 o 3 n,Jaui r as cm.h(!die<| in the
KtralcipuUi relates that the i ujvva-rijyi commenced
r t i ■ 1 1 1 tr(j!k;n n.ii m tin: rnijih as far as P e c u m p u tu
tn tlie south.' from the evidence of iHJCrtprioni
io which we shall ndven in the course of this
treatise, at will be seen that the northern limits oF
i'ujuva as given In the legendary accounts ut Keraia,
a re hy no means unreliable . hi fact, so Lite as I he
sixteenth century a.U; , the people associated the land
south of MirjSn., situated an an ihIci south i»1 Ahkotu,
on the GanfUvidi rivet , with Tujiiva. 1 Ehn rhe name
Tulm-fl came £ radii .dl*- to lie rest rioted to m sntnllcr
area till with the an tit- * a i ion of tlic district by the
Itritihli in ,\.|>. it vi-aa confined to a stretch «l

land bordered on the north by she forest line of ^irAr
:i 6 llI on [he south by the tov n of {Juiat-atibru ■

The origin of the word Tujnva remains still a
difficult question. According to tradition the name
Tufuva is traced to the activities ot a ruler eallfcd
Ujipjt 3<,"tji p also known as t aitdr aSek ha f m - It La said
[hilt in order Iti please the Brahmins, he gave them

1, V,’ 1 1 id'u ■ , TV Madunnie C'pffrttcpiv > p - X, Qf. l 1 Ml.rm<ii*bhi

Mown, tif Vay ji'ji , pp IS-M 1 { I ¥34)- Artfltbtr ¥dTiion of tin

umt wGrii wty* ttmatlw vQU4i±hi tHHindary of Tulwva v, an [he Kan

nLi'ruuu river, vmith nf Ke-fpi- Hikhmin r ep-. cit.t LEI. ij. B.

2. Uirtwsi, IJoirlt. A Dncri(Ai"n 'jf fV C-o&rn ^ fair 4frifti .“jvJ
. i, J , I . I .h ,.- r Etc. L p IR4, i» 2 . (UariMij 1-fining,

DERIVATION THE WORD TtE.DV.A

1

|]

munificent gifts Like the iuh-vrsr^a-iitrxi r the tvla^Am t

*IC. 'Since he presented to ihc Iti a h itmti? , ho h^camt
frem Ltitfsi-cnt provides, gold weighing one hundred
l^tis each, he was catted TulibhSra, Tu|i Raja, and
Tots Dedldhijnni, .md the peopte over whom Ilc /nkd,
the fulup people, Further. the dynasty to which he
belonged tame n> he fcnoun a* the Tolar iineJ

IteraJa legends 5WfH.be rhe name Tujtivn to one
Tulumbhon IV it u miiJ . This niter, it is alleged, fived
his residence at Katosvara, a prominent: iaivite seat in
the northern part n.t I uluvu, just before Keraja was
eepurAied from TuJuva. The country was r ben ref nr-
wfirtf called alter hi? name,’

StiiTrcwk merely echoes Tht- opinion &f nthert; that
the xtortl T ujitva could be imced to the word tJ fif
meaning mifd. humble, meek, ctc.. v

None oJ ritirsu cj^ r> Rtmtions ean Ea- given srlv
credence , We muy diuniia* t h o last one as- being
inadmissible both on KS$ tori cal and philological,
grounds- Tn the first place, the achievement* of the
Tuju people in historical times., as tv e shall present Ty
narrate, bring out dearly Ira it jh the character of
the early TufuVda quite opposite to the Onr which in
indicated by the ingenious explanation offered by
ftturrock Moreover, there is no evidence to prove that
the word Tufu,— which is hot in common u&e,

1- Cf. sfrloivBM Hfrin, itiihfUfri /Catmaifa JfHUyu Carilrt mlrttu
i‘*wAvi tvywra Aliya k'ufftt, v ? tWJ. Itlugolw,, |y)Jj,

3- Siurroeli. #_ V. i^ahnijf, E„ e. 2„

1. Starred;, j'M .■ QriiHrt. TvlaE^H'k tWonjry, q, *.

4

sJMUFNt mg-nM'aha

f Ch.

Slur reck rtnurtt-il.-uiE fi(r Lui[«ni jmong

i In- Tufu jhc-nfplc ihernflclccj; ; u n t| that tlic^ called
Hit country which they inhabited by a name
signifying: a I catti-re in their rhuiricr which they
JLil not posse*? Turning u» the (ithci twn r*-
planations. m r may mttu rhuE tli* *inry uL t< □ ccl:i hbujVs
munificence waa evidently an invention ol the brah-
fittn* l Tvh il e rhid ol TuLumbban l p eruina|. tvhotc iden-
tiiv it sell is « 1 1 1 a uet ut i fee ul anon, uj^ the result c>E
fOnfuaidTi bctwcrli iht 1 upends ol TliJiji i .iiul t Iioac ot
Kcrsju.

The wftffi 'L'uluva may bu derived trum die Hj|c
kaniNi^R up thiil i nut rilfir , u.i antic k/ s Ljjn U y mg i hi u re by
ihu nature id < 1 «<‘ ancient 'I iiliii i ptLipIr n kaiiJ w:i rblc
activities iri the curly apes ftl hir-toiy secured fur the hi
c 1 .. i r ippilklMsIi I ruin theit lie ighhoisra , iht ■. l| li i i \ nr
perhaps irtiirL auci-cJil KtrliLila.ku people. Evl i dense in
support of rhi-s mat Eu- secured I Tons their folk-lore „
L M di tiujia . Is it h, games add publical historv . The
stirring nagafi called h'^didanss contain their t olk lore ;
,i :ii| these deseriil'iL-. at we shall prove in the later pare
of this treatise, the activities ol gal Jan. 1 , men and
women whose memories! a rr even nou cheriahed will
legitimate pride .and affection bv the TtiFti people .

1- The imliisoifkhy cj |hr LlriHvatinu a| Mil naira' Tubii from
Tdir* ja w?il T»hpn T 1 r HKi; Lh:.1. L|;l L-arl ii-wl . ..i r i »T^I if If |||t nilll. 1 - eu

TnlSlu. m>l n<»t Ti»li<rn. t'liii Dnir ’ p *lahx ■ppr-ji * in art Ahipj
raC*fd A*1*ll A.D. IL40-43, IF* <j mf- Tlu Peminab themsrlm*
wlte ftrrvavr* . Paul I 4 pan. .Uatifair ri»^irt«r h pp. 25t l , 14*.

J. Cl. KiiEL-t, i^'fijimJiV.T.ffrfl'rr* I'tir ry , p. !>?.,

1 1 nmnvi lOSi OF tmf word tu^ova ?

Tht t 1 1 ifiriK 41 1 i hr H-oragarn-, hOtneof w hum see an
to h;ive formed ; part o] t h l- Tofu people . 1 [he > 1*1 hits,
flic MhjIh? y mis , tin- Mn^tri, and others-, msLify out

ifcSia rti p! pUI* 1 1 ’ -ri C tllfy F’caunce-.l to a warlike rare. I' hr

(tiilLiI iiHl> 'll the Ki.H,i|^jii :■ . fur Lvumpk. l li 1 1 ig i ,:d' 1 1 -i n ■
drf{U of a pu^frful Knragar tiit° named Huh^ik^ und
of hi* ticplicw, We shall infer in them IhUt rm in the
c(rmrrf of [liis treat i se. The legendary account of the
■HnleViis as recorded in u n«rnt(ivc called SahuiteitJtt h
ctI*(I hy HutliJinam, rtbliTF lliiH a raler wlm he longed
to thal Ifib-e seized uporl fin country. In [fie same;
at to i in c we are told rhal tin: Miners, who now form
the hulk of the ftfhcK- Mis uf 'fuliiui, assisted the
HuEecai. I r ia btdiemrd ih.ir the M.iilar* r I I Iji r - 7 1
were (he fillers ■ ■ i the enimtirv Ruined f^rt* at
Itfaddflr . tour milts t?i the no-ri h-nnn I ,-ein-t f:S Kihiar-
and at K 5 v« t thirty- five mi Ls* iu the nor th-eant
of filename tu wit,' hear wllur** [<j the oliku tinny*, y\ lien
the war -[ike Tnhj people had conquered the count r', -
Am pb cMJence ean he gathered 1 rrtm (heir games
in. order to estahlish their claims I'ut martial aerivilics
ni (he past. Spurts like w\a b&ti-ttn'fcmi . iapfvptfi'ti . the
jafrfj, IfitfiJa-jQju. (Dfe-doro, Icstim],

and t hese art the ntirvivj|* of the far~nff times;

wbfr, the militant Tufu people w rented the pwt>er»hip
t|Mhe land from 1 lid hands nf (lie aboriginal ihhabifanlFi,

f *>i til,- Ki'TiynT., ria.J Silihr,|r« if. If'rftf V'nA. Sa t n.i’/th

p. 43 , fUfroE, | 0 »)

i.irt) (j-.-ujU, f '..i J< mil,. ,i jJl }'\ - M f. ^i,

Trp|..afl~23*, (Mndiis. IS» 2 >

'JHCtPNT

*

vu.

Aji/kcpi^frfHiw T= a fa votifitc game amnng the HilUvura
and the Uutiti. It in a contest between two jtenoiu
“‘ho Ei^l d eveujmuti Ln iheif palm? at a distanci-' oi
ebaut tweKe to (cutteeD inches, and brine tine fruit*
ant: against the other simultaneously , In this (;^ic
the broken fruit is the property of rhe virtue. The
fflpptfrrjjtfpi ts a game which ip played in the Open in front
of a household- A COcoaOUt shorn of its fill ro * and well
smeared with nil, ts thrown into the air A ■jcFiimblo
l allows at 3 given signal among those present— I he
jiti'rjjTfj'e, as the youth ol the locality are called , — and
the strongest retains it in his hands as a sign of victory.
This game: i* eonmtin among all classes of people -

ISut the a.’ntritft /Sirs ;s a pastime which is hccl'i only
among the H n leyas. It is held at Erma|, UdayUvifji
(near Udipij.. ind BaJjamanjr. The offlfiflJi jfifrfi ii a
mock fight with staves about three,, some times sis,
fee t in lengt 1 1 re pr csen t i ng stwor ris n he iw ecu tw o par ties .
The j&5Hd#-.wn °r cock fight is indulged in by all tlattes
nf people except the Rrahmans and the Jaina. We have
dracTihfd it e (a r tv It e re m detail.’ An equally interest-
ing and imiverKjl flame is the etyila nr a sort :if foot
ball played during the t a moos jntfV at Folali. It La
tit EJ on the occasion of ihc cur festival which takes
place on the TVIlna 5a ilk r a mans h in the famous Raja raj e -
S vafl Du rga Far jmeivarl temple . Popular belief con-

If HtlfEuiL' Tht Quarttri) Jcwncl i(t Ik* .WjfJicr Smiity t XVI I ,
pp. 3L6-32T.

BfRlYAtlOtt OT TUT WORD 1 111.11 VA

7

T 1

n fir. Is the pliV (rtrid l I 1 ',v Li h Tin e health Hit the ^arfjHri
named Cjn^lji anil Mlulldn .. 1

More interesting ihflu the above is the torch light
called mtt-dSfti whitli as best seen in ih lUppanadu
ji'Jw, a JMhtirb of MuLkt, Mansatore tSIoka Tl ts hehl
a i Eisgtit itt front of rt|« fturfjl Piirameitvurl temple :it
BHppinldu.- ()n]y twit rival parties part in it l the
people of Bappanadn and i Vim of Kirniidu. The Utter
are led by the G und3 1 household (martefii/Htj ; while thosHf
Hif K amldu , hay the 113 1 eh itt a I is and the Nadi k ii ctnro
people F, a c Ii party eons is t s of seventy to ninety men.
They are stationed ,it u distance of about fifty fuet .
Torches of eo-LOiiia Nt leaves About two and a huff (o three
fcea in Length, art: prepared by the Holey as of the
rcspeciivif v i 1 1 ^ e; ^ . The combatants arc ex pec ini to
have taken a ceie modi a L bath and to have abstained
from dftnliing liquor and eating meat. Every errnita
tam has t«,-i> to three torcTie* at h;& disposal. :\t
a given signal, the me]] of the K a m ba Ja&im a I ip hr a
torch and pive it to the leader of the Happanldu j^ajnti.
Littiisc a man From the \]3pm'sH.iili4isi;na Jtives a
lighted torch to the Kiirnidc people. On a sacond
signal being given h the mo parties throw at rath
othoi the lighted tnrcEie*. The gume hate for about
fifteen mtnutei; ivhcn the 1 ca de rs- o F hot h patties end it.

are un^hlr to determine the Rijjt’niriciincv of this
‘Mettsting snd unicjuu Tvlwi ^imt.

1. Cf. ESl'Uik, L.'I rnlrr, ji . 2?fl

^'JirNr KABKST.TlH.

H

i tl:.

Ail i l| m u. t] > noLCO'Oriy (porl nl' th« lulu people i ri
the hunt in}; « \< vrsi 031 oil thr hf^tifuia dflV$. TFiis-
> «'i mi mi ill In ;il! like pcupic anil in lif|il UVCT | E| t- uJiei Sk-
id [he dhs It t ie t - l"h« Hrnival lupins, according

Hi Jdnif, mi I In. 1 2+Mi ui I lii! lulu month of Miyi
(February- March), nr according to otlicia, ™ the
2?lh ut Makaxu |i. i'., nil of ahnm the ,ith c> | Pcbruarv),
and la&l« iQMhrec dju-s. Ic is tie Id, H.ct'Ordmg to tine
[mpikar iLemii i'ihIihi, (n citm memo rate Mothe r Earth'?
pltn Heat inn. -Vll tlie Tofu people suspend work on
tTirsi days, and fin a-huilting lnutrf. rabbits and wild
p:£i rm*. Food prepared »ut ot baked Aeiju -or hoise
f um I tin) i fhnt irni//nTiiO .ii.il rici: i« fsiti'o diiping eFlcj-i
llifte day*-'

Tin. I i f in utVi^-r 1 K ;lh h aJa ^r'ej is £11 Lil tu ail
vniimrv huniiiiijE ciLpcdmmi cun J lice t d rim 4 Ijrfc sluIc
hi the chieftains «l a locality. Itow h e j r i 1 1: ■. tin
1'uJuva ckieftiiki.- condueied eIu; b£jr iir will lie -^een
’A' lit ei we shall dfscnln- the li-le td the people.

Tilt ii h lift treaded ei celts It mat carlr ten t nr if « »i
the Chdltiill Cft down m the tiittcentk century, and
t specially tin- risi: ol a 11 iridigcnons principality n Me!*
■ 1 Hied i,\ i'll* I v 11 n the strc-ngih ■>! Tu|uva arnii a iiiLivliir'

I Tn' 'urm t-'. iv r» nl»o inri’n EO ihir diirugt i>i On d iWpinl
hi sIh n ind ITiu nsrtti-EafliT wiiitti Ixiimi. in litiv,i in. J-VI»r«iuTy
Miriilh 11, ti'litfil (tie h ■‘ilrfflin-v-ji'i The Ae&tam EXLUTsk-in of Tilfihw

1 ■ 1 hi onmipiflTEil L-i itii annUi} 111 nil i ii l frtall' it- ,.| lln- 1 1 - 1* iif I I ,“ir.
^hptmi'i I'n Ah^im (d Thi h* foul* chr Mimdii fi(». unJ ttir rttfalt
1 i n' J ti cf tl>c Enht? in Piliir. Ki-iid, ICMt-linr-; fST « i c .i i 1 «f
^rHihrt, V„p 'Jl). ft. S.

]

rrf-ii'VA |\ iHh i > > -.t mu or I'vt.ihnXuji

Ja:EL.-iI till tkf fouitetntlt cenlurV itti'i-t lO ihf Warlike
f:M.ci] t e ilf I tic l'v|uvi prop It in h i £.rn r ic J ] tsBncp. -One
t , spmfiijnn jilrraF-e uirJ In inscriptions m ^ufiAcvtion
with tiitm. ;is Kill lii,-- given ill detail when we shall
dnl with The political hi&tcry of the province, inV „
that host ■ It- r ukrs were like t puh murine fire m the
dfeuti the I'uluva army {TuIrcja hula
aijds 10 Liu tefl-tininnv tliiM is decidedL in favour of the
fatly Tufuvas huinsr cons id lt ed as a people of a Jig res-
it ive ha-hit*.

2, TL’Ll.'V* 1\ 1111: Lh[>t-.M)OI- V A £t.V*l : H A M A

Tu juvanadu, or ^ if known in early times
Alvafcheda mi- j mui hv itself pi rue the earliest nj(i;t 7<
but h according to tradition an well g» history, It is

entirely cmmiiQiii to Vi ilh the vnm-piM r nl I hi

Sttuih i'jnr.rij AJihim? chit n-tc drlicilt-U hlSTon*: r-Kirurd

relating tn South Kanirahas been found of earlier date
than the eighth i>r ninth century A. D.n and that “it
muai t;t:r(^iii|y hE off time hare lornifJ |)«rl <d Kctah.
or Chora, ' I lie we stem most of the rhret' ancient Uriiri-
diitl kingdoms mentioned Lit r III- ftdicT* ot Jimperor
ASttta . 1 An enquiry in in the origin of Tu|Uva as *n in-
dependent unit brings us, m the tlesctiptinri «f \br
potion altit yinf wh lavements nl out of the most
rtmarkablri iiKurejf known in- Hindu trad it inn. IT i i>. was

1 - * 5 111’.- unLH j » ir |; U H, J 1 vf Li i u- I djI'j jik a llhr ri.'t"Tkl , J JV ,>r tkr

EtietnpitiL.tF (1,-11 .4 ifts V ( "fir fin- !Ofl| .S’„Luft Udiitu InffriHi^af

VII, No. 317,1*. I"S.

-■ SciitriK-t, -S.", f |, p. F 4 ,

If'

jtrtClENV Ji.ftHNS.'T.m*

I CL.

the jiinluu:- Jam ud J ((nya , nr Far Iisiu t ini a , as he wa*
known ltrarf popularly, to whom ia iriCTLlicd tll-f exitf-
1 encc of Tu |uva jt- a s e pa r ate historic province.

The story os' Jfmictagnya, or ttima, as he is called
in the Mtifwlbhurata , briefly told is (lie following;— Once
king KUrtavfrya, also known as SahasrafcShu Arjuna,
because he had been undwtil whh. a tli ouNa nU arms by
Dattatreys N — ruler of (he H^ihiiy ii tribes with lii* capi-
ta] at Maliismati, came to the hermitage of Jamadafifli „
He was receive (I hy R^nuka wife at' the great Rsi with
a IS (Ijc respect- Flnt Kartadrya. filled wick the pride
of hij valour, in return to her hospitality carried off
ulonp wj th hi m by vialqscE the calf of the milch
COw d{ the Slilil'J dll ] a t ionn jiruL rase d own the tall trees
surrounding etie her milage . Bbirfia-va, un being cold b_Y
libs father *bnui the cow, killed the king. The sons nif
KirtjvTrya revenged the ileacfi oF their Father by
a (Tacking the hermitage ot Jamadigai., and slaying the
old kti when Rama wits away,

Riftil ih sorrow vowed to extirpate the whole
Itsatriyo race. He killed the sons of Kart avlrya h ami
t fir tec styen times cleared the earth of the Ksatriya
cascu; jiruL with their blood filled the five large lakes
of Sairsantapahcaka, from which he offered oblalionato
the race of UlLrgii, Here he Savi his sire OOCC again; jin J
On being 1 1>1 d by hi ml what 1 ■! > ■ J 1 1 , ItniiiiLoffcrcd n idIcihil
sacrifice to (he king of the gods, and presesned the
earth to the ministering priests, To K aiyapa he gave
the ultai made uf gold, ten I a thorns in Ecngth and mhe

I TtJt.(JvA IK THE LEUitfD W l b A*A^lRAMA LI

in he kin, W i 1 h (in. - per m is s ion ol K a-iya pa . ( h* Bra h mans
divided it into fiieets arnan.jg'Et ihrmfelvtv r ur.d they
were the cite forward called [\liapda viLynna Hrfthm'jrti.

The jtton us s « j 1 d in the JV Bjad bamw set lion of the
S'UMi Put tip ndds that when ] ii m atl u^n ya had f iverc the
eatth to kasyapa, ihc Latter desired him t □ -d epAT t r as
there waft no dwelling place lor him in ic r and in te;|ta Li-
te (lie seashore ol the south. It w*s here that the
Ocean relinquished to liiinm (he marl time liisifLci uf
Surparaka. It must be remembered that the Sur|wi-
raks. regiWi is distinctly said ro be the cr cat inn ol
Hara^uriim ";l l hu,s in the ^’'irrii' Panta ■.—

Ti\tnh S fc-rpOivAtlpr dc# arp Jojf(T7 , nff fas jd tiiftoiomr l

$afia.i2 JHutciilfiiinyasyci lS'ojki rd ™J r r.-.- . .- J j ■ J r. ,'rjr.-i It L

Willi the above story whieh L narrated in iheAfiiiia-
frAdrtt'tir and repo lied Ln the PntAnas; we mn\ proceed
with our narriLtive <>■ nil iho k-ftsinns; of the story aa
$ir«n in the Puruwjj , that mrfated in the S^h jirdri -
of the Sfeflrtrfff Pnrflflfl has an intimate hearing c«l
the history of Turov*- 3 The version in the Sahyiidn-

!-■?. Cf. Sp.lr1."‘i l* . J fe Au.tj nrv];viir . r tfiifn?]/ unit IsfjfiTiA. l?ip^T

fe»d ac tJh- VlJ . AiUInJiii Oitqibl Copfititnce. QaciMii, L933 j Rend
iltA- the .WjA^flMiiiT^!^, Vans r^ec (7XV, pp. 1S54J - r I'linCi

6e«- Ilf pp. fr. req, : J'jjns AiiiFiw, pp. (6W, end -Hit, n. <2I) ■
JfBinu Pi**#!, Chi, XLll-M.IV. pp. 110-1M. See *kr> Mi. pr
L12-S14. il'alaitdirS; funEuif . | |f. CCCXXVI- t . ifOS.fCalcunai,
iftt'if, Ch. IV, it. II sfit. jip r 4-5: C!Ji. V. v. M, p, 5 (l'r»n» 1900):
Bbigt niu Fur/im, Bk. IK. Cb. IS. pp. fCikxun. 10% J.

PmLuJCT rjir^., , Vflit, 1 V. Ch. ]«, pp. 1 fc+7, uq. (PfHn.., I (Wl) .

J. iSAieviu Ptedva, Vtiajicdfo,, Ch, V" I , v. '21.. beq. p. 324.
***<■ (lid. Gefian d CnJniij tamnay 3)73). 33 l:i-:L sl^-s
Clr., l h V. 33, P-3114, nn ihe hrahmnna itr^cjiintc the yrtil h-ird,

tNC] F NV LAftNAj S

| O.

IJ

*•»«■•« i* oibf.iiini ially die s.tsnr m 1)14 1 related above
with l lie except ton ut ,l i«v detail* wh ieh w i LI he

■ vinnnt d prea-canly .

The stor^ of Pa tufii rinui dating hack as it docs t<j
the times ol the: ^rfi:r.frii.r«i and helart, cinnui he alto-
gether db missed ps a fascinating fabrication or rln.-
fertile Briih man brain*, liven six tin- risk. ol digr^j.*.
in£ a Hi Lit from the main pan nl our narrative* we
mav. he: permitted m make a taw obsc r va t iema eunee rn-
me e 3 us. great figure,, especially as gathered licvra thi:
writingB of Hindu writers 11 nd epigraph] cal records,
i'lietr notices, a* wt shall see at nnec j will help us ni

■ lutidrla chf alleged CfraiiMl '■! ‘1 liFuvil by Jilnia-

dagnyj hi eIil Siah&bhanttu itedl v. ■. hive a Tew place?

iisrO-clated ta-ith llw iust-il .md greatness ■:! Pjrj^urima.

1 ’ruLeedhip ne^r the mountain called Malicildrp, n e
.: 1 e mid in thiii t-pEr. inhabited nl yurel bv Jamsdagma .
pud balking in Kama's drfjVii f il person «ic ^ui #£.'1 1 - the
u^rit 01 a horse-sscritice.' In the same work tt-s m-e
informed that alter t biting the asYlltiit of Hj.ralilipn'M ,
one should proceed in Surparaka where J.irtsadaeni '-
- ■m had immttlj dwell r Bathing in that tlrthii nf Kama,
one acquire rh tin merit n| giving-.au' ay gold in ahum
dpuH.-r . 3 !>himmy,i relates to Bharuta. further rh;ii sit rTipt
same Surfiaraka are two sacr-i ii r i j I pin 1 forma «i' tin-

illustrious Jama dagni called Pflft 5 n.ii itdd Pniium jindra
The -Vfuriu iiifr^jr mlofjii>. as that alcusg the

isi-rf 1 hern hall ol' th* Galiya mesnn tains is die regimi ij.

!- 3 . I'.IM JF-'.ir>^ r l,XMiV, l.KXXVm, (ifi. TX, 37 ^ KJ.

U TO U.’VA JN T 13 E LEDIMI OF F MC W H A M \ L.T

i,v 1-1 i '.'ll [lie fiodS-vafl I tuV-' l h ;tnj winch ie ■. i H. I L FT 1 1 1 1 Li I frtr
when compared with the whole world And Cnvif

{IImI'IH il tilt ClltlC Illllllfi tiiiy LJ I lit ElilEll-f I'lLlELxj
llliii it;n .! rate .

He ^reiices to Pma^urlm-a and his crealirpiB oil [I- •
n'tST Cl’iUS-l sire illsO liiimd in [lit Rii^frni'ajn^ a v. Fli rt
F\ il I i diisu Rive* clear evidence id I he legend havi n g her ri
current in uln&ui the linl' fmtuii i ,1> While deBcrdt'
i pljt HiipFitiV march iFi rough the Saliva regions amF
Kcruja.. lied the adjoining Lands nn tht mt rcMS-t,
Fiiil idrUj Aits- 1'1'iJir v, i tii ka^liti 's- vast armies spread
17114 ill view ol CAU^IiCtittg iht ivcut, the in til 1 1 U L r 1

laionc limct sent hue* hy iln. n ■ if ■'.i l-c- M Pai-asmum ■
lm j v. appeared ah it touching n l'lien, again. it is
mcminned* continues the pott . that tin- itcejin when
entreated, RlVC ■f^ice to Pgrasuranaa ; (the same wean)
non p.iiti irilnjii tn KapEm through tk kin^ ot the
tve* t , Fit il inter vcmtvKt. KS liii-iisa informs io liar
prince E" rati pa having obtained the god a I lire as an
ally in hat tie. lie considers tIie aluarp trd gt o| P;im^u-
r Lima's :i\l nhich is the ll-il dc.irtLcc.ttLi- night to the

I’l-Sj [ : i ], :i s to i'll- no iiiftr'i: Eh an (Fit- jic’lll ijI it Jntkis

White ii.n rr^tinfr the stfin nt' E'ara*i|f5mu himselt
EiliidoH informs tw that he destroyed the Ktairiitt
fV ETltlMint cum -

Il A i^irAriJJifc wji i 1 ■' tie ri* « |j » p , 1 L i .

2 . tk:] lid;ib>n. toffAuP'iiinu IV.?*. 55: VL -12: XL w, 47.

Aiul ahif * 0 . j| uhert llii thi*i Is- cribs 3 rts urtsvjcif: *»f S J rmM-irys
E*i™srily«ai|i, (ttombiiv. L°l '■ i

14 AHG[ENT KWNAfUiA H" 11 -

AlIUMOnH t<i the naive 1 uJ MUliisiiidlt, ''ii.iias-iabiihn
\ r j ij n a., and Par asu r 3 m a .ir« made hv liana ail Fits
A"<?df[j»it r| eirv. A portress, who approaches kin^ ftfcdr*ka
iwiili sonic iww'i, is- 1 litis described ; Hike ilie blade »t
PurH^urima^s axe shi.- held the circle at' tings in £ubnm-
1; ion, 1 Then, again, ihe parroi Vaisampayana relate*
how it siu the Sahara army coming; out I mm the I art- s-ts.
of tide Vi ndhyas, It was like the stream n| Narmada
titssed hy Ar iuiia’s thduMnd arms. 3. While clcscriEiinj!:

Candtapt^'fi deftness in the use ot' arms, Bann wriies,
that his shifts, lihe «i Parasurlma when the latter

I'-S.-Lv.i.'d in en-naume thi* forest of earth's royal sterna,
Liluit only cite hi^hept peaks

liven the jLi-eunt of « t'orciiici writer of the six-
teenth century s.n- cun tains echoes of ihc fid legend
Duarte llarhosa thus r v nsyi r k-y d while vi riling about
"I'uJuvaftSLlfu which he called Tulinat: — "And the
ludiiiris snv that in fur met liiUes a IF theie low grounds
were sea, which reached tu the h-huS ratlfv (1, c., (he
Western (ihaish and that in process wf lime l he- sea
uncovered it. and s-waLLu-wed i I up in other pHrts-, and
to the foot al tlioiL maun lain*. There are many traces
of things of the tm 1, and (he lew r round is very level
like the sea, and the mountain chain is very craggy ,
and Beemn 1o tike! Ii'i The heavens... 1

l_s, pan*. P^rv. pp. Hft. 3W (Kit. by iSii

Jiuii.lii;-j, H, SiUHLliinL* \y$vL C*ten*r I'Mfll. |i|l. S — 1 . 'SI

Si. (RldJinn)-

4 | h»Eic Rut ton;, A Paf[L£Uc»f , 4 jD^icefpion »f ui ■ C-otfitr - I

E.-it Afr/w .UifiuAvif r Etc -p. (M IStftf.lLy, ljMidsn, ISfi&l

J1 TULUVft 1M TilE J-iCEtd|h fiP PMUtfiVUAsH 1?

tVf Hav^ t« lurre Ks f hr Ki\tea‘ntb rdltlirj , thcre-

t ore , in ■ntclET to mffi with people who ascribed thi:
origin of the western cn^st, and with u the bcgirtniaipK
of t-ht province the history of which forma the subject
of cmr narrative- nut tn the doing* of & remarkable:
pe rEunag e Ijni ' '■■ a sublet ramean ugermy iti outlie pnlaco-
]iiiL:t period which The ancients masked under the
puLac o! 3 legend.

Never! he less the achievements of Piruurimi have
been recorded in epigraphs ranging from the first
quarter of the si nth cePLtiirj-- s.n. to the first quarter of
tht tiitrecnth century. The Gafiga kinjr Hurt'inLia
Kongunividdha, who ascended the throne in a.d. M, is
called in the M^IISh plates issued by hittuself and dated
in hi* fortieth regnal year fi\ ■■ , ,s„u. 522-3), “ an incaj ■
nation of Pa r asur am a in the an of Lining tuO'irs , up^strej,
and Other weapons ' 1 The Western Ciilukyn ruler
VifiajrSdifcya fsatyisraya, son of ^ulikc&in. Jl, is praised
thus in a record dated .y.tk tyit l- That h l w is reckoned
to he jin elephant- goad to kings Lite rurasursnia 1 This
is repeated in an inscription oFA-E.fiW ' SrTporusa
Kor.gu'iivarr.ia II, the Gangs king, is said irt a record
date d A.r. “J^l to hu in valour like the son at lanri ada^n i . '
This eulogy in regard to the same valiant monarch is

jtfjuftxf Artbaningital Aepwl t'Oc t 1 J 2 ^ . jj- ■ ■■ E ■ (In Lli i’-ali
nf tiii am-islon, ruid Kie«. If rwif itjsJ Cm'rjj Jriwa the Irfcriptmu,
np-. £, IS.

iS’pijir.sri'irii C'UTifijjtii-.h, VIST Sb 531, p. 91
lihd, Ja . tost. IH,, p. fci.

*■■ Jhrf, V I ■ Sh l p. IV.

V^CIVNl hJ*S!*AT.',K I

l (" h -

u>

rcp«iir«cL ill SI' 77* and « in s.u, 777 ' Evtn ifi tJn-r!
reign ni i h l- fjahpn kinm I'i.revapfM Nhimtrgi (1, :tci
iitacrif>lH'n djtcd \.u 903 tit ? l- r il>c.m i |>u r ii>ci PrthvT

,i mi, i II tcj Ih: Lii valuur JuiMuilLt^tii u . 3

KSjciulc? L’uU Dcra K,i.' l(lln s r>. 1 Cfci4.l Is ljllLul d
wit El tlit inihj ue*i * ul a prc*rt many fnrts and cities ,
ami cnjicciJiLty with tin.- perfurminiee of n deed wtii els in
in all res jie^ls a insular in tin.- hi*nnw «f Pa ra^uT^ m i ,
Siiifriiitinnn rarijiny from a.d. lOPi rill about M) H^l

111 aim Jill 1 1 '.vi [ ilia? great I :T ITT k I FL|Il-F VU[lE|u l _ F £hL ''nmtiy

ancient islihttn u^ciiftly guarded frem time immemo-
rial hy the *£'J 1 1 :■■ > iij n d i nu: v. ItIi coiiche* ; arid tin- trim n
■a | |vi.ir<' veil <1 n rtrlliV Of I alcftm , which ' irj^nr.Irn.u. whn
ill iLPH-Fr exti.rjJAIud kilUTr- ['■•ciiry -i‘ILu times in biitt-e.
liiuL d<- piih'. i t hi rl in the iltaCCcduililc isandiina ijl^n f lS L tc J
^lAdlm?, and l i niK" rft rird (.’Sirdirtiiii) i*laiul < fLavEng
e (insider i;d it a secure plait ’’ ("afldimai inacurrup-
tiafl p( SaAtimm. -OF Sahli manta ; 1 and it may bs
idellliLLed with the island &3h[i nu'iitnuitd. in Lit:- '| u|u
GritnwPaddkait aslias'ing formed one <r I the sevynrv-yeveEt
inlands which belonged Em the Ghoristra on tin.- western:

L, K. l\* tv. N=. -p. 13S l Mjf I .IrriW. Hept., Wli p.

K. 1 ■ LX . Si. f'l- p.*0-

2 f, C„ X- [i. J4.

JS tWtf. K- HI. Iltot*> n. 32; ILL. SJ- 13* p MFV . X. Kl. n r

i- 1 1 ■ XI . fl. 31 r i I - TX_ 34 . p .r. flf r- n**..|. (hiir-iL V, n 1

1 1* 1 1 'pS *' 'liti .1 A II 10 it r l } /. ti. ihiiin ^ > jrj- r iat l r n:i - -s;:r:^ .ildi
Allan t liiMind die kinrs In enty jhm: limn See i1»n Miwr Cn

J p. J14- (rei 1 rid j: My, p 4H.

-I L )r S. K A i s J 1 1 |T: 1 1 ti mi ' .■iimi^Il Ilk cl I w tn u l t 7 jn..i, r

IfiJt WH (H-£lh»LiK lint 'L illi 1 1 fiiTfr, |«r ” ,1' ti lilaht i Hut ibnut :T*

local irm li= sr*i- n™i cdrtjiii 19 A . .

5 ] UIJ.V 1 A IN 3 HE Id-hEND \ii CVPWIAmA 17

oi India.- Hut un lurthcr ilttailh ccner r mnji this
island arc- nvfliloMe either in hi«tn:re nr Itjrtri j.

VinavaditY-a ftatySiirayj wa? nnl t“ e wily carer ei
CSL ukya ruler whose warlike activities are associated
wit h Parawurilrna, The I j n i-: 1 1 1 - Vi k ram adit yu VI, more
gcmnionly catted J" ribhuvanairalta J I , and V ikramahka .
who ascended the throne in A . d . 11)73^4, is E.hua desmih-
cd in a record dated a. h, L1G7 :- ' c h t- resnlmH-na*« »f
him who- ifi itrder tu d.estrtn list K^atriyasi in iln;
earth slew the- kmps tw cnly-cme times.

Thh remarkable achievement u| Prtntfdraiiia is also
connected with the rise oj out "l the feudatories ni :ln
tame grtal Western < itukya mrmarrh inscription

dated tifllv in the 3 *{ E ii rcuri'l I '-■.a; • •’ [.he king V ikrjwii-
dilvA VI (i. Ln V..-. III].' LlL'aliup with 1 1 -. r i.iriiiin hi
his feudally DaijEi^a, nf ting tjf the Ilali

tii^e uod nt thi Hit] 'pin a I mill rlilrr isvi t Kisytkiid-,
iays the fnltuwing Hlion Jiinmdiigni.-a came in the

I- ^rinUjihiii I k^dt n-Eerrinp to u copy al chi f.'rpiuiipwMAa'N'
*"ii in- lm. 1 ' bt< n in lli«. pweMCBof I’talji SabtMnnficnfin. rnurn r^i i-:-.
4 c WYuntv-iki-ui iJliiriJi vlhcli I'.ifnLuii j. pnfi l'T [Imi Ut) Qf
t.Jfir/j .. l iiiiui /1 'j •/ v v I 1 V. i ■ iJi:k. n;!tfln ,.h . .illiL tih'eWtL

ft is Wt ntUQticipi iS id nay in 5 n-t t '-r - o'ti ■") ihe tiViinniJkiiiWrir.li'' which
I k»vt ttHLin-d ffinrtl VHIialtl ]i:iElM’L 1 1 ' !> r :irl OhoT • | r ' !,L''.mt
i® hut |i«vn h.fti. ' I (Hi-hi-.hu, (t>. I h fi"E n - '* - ilJi ;m-,v.'hjirt -n
C)i il ii (i-.-umv. hrvrn ifftiidt "illy ibt fiittwrini: ictin
1 ® tK 1 Sh iiktji: 1 1 — 'i ■ i 1 1 'p 1. 1 ( i ■ . i.i'I'UMt’buf of \l>j)kih I nrim.ilmturn
ttKlii-miuOi-ip.i, I hi(r itiiilufj iL-nd Jlulhhial. iiiLuru . IliiLtppnf HanUVir»-
whicb ii .ilkOthLr IUIUl- ten ] 3 cWltt:l(i:i[(i. ibv iiLlii-r:-. J|-r ^HilSl n-rd
to * ,r JQ 'L'uhivi. El A 5

Jr fi.- f?., YJl At. 1 3-1 ^ -p, 'tt ; VImuE, iiym- K^h- ItiiitirM, p, 4 U
Itt-cd.), |i| w.'^. iHl •■weit-icm. vti VkVr.irmje rti j V ] in, * .c,. It to.

C.W,, i’.

ANflJEKT mukAtaka.

Itt

[ Ci,

etiunse oi I* IT- wmiJerinJI? in u-ht^h lie l| F?.[ reject the
Ksatriva race, there were benrn from the cav-ce *f mount
K istlj'nIltS certain heroes from whom r* p c ;-.ti i? Lite
members of tin’ Balt nee. whu are she «m arums* of
rise B^ppuris, '

Visijsstvardkanji Jtittsfra l>cva is |li u.4 p-niked ill n
record dated a.Li. llfiU: To kins Xaraamiili avufTna. a

<T*|n ruler, fine wasl like hlhxc to a tree or FaiiiSurliin^
ro Sahasrahflhiu,-thf& wonderful k£nj; \ i^-niJ became the
dtsttoyer i, hundred iiTnefl «f Rs;itpyafl, F

R tilers on the eastern toast too were associated
with the iutticoI E'arasojrani;i but th 1.1 nmf it s* wjsFi
one of Ilia singular characteristic I cat urea, The MaltH-
nwitijalrx'vEra Kondapadmati Huddharsjil, who helonj’eci
to the Sudra caste, in called in VP. 1371-2 a Par# iu r3 m a
i<n keeping vOwsh*

Tint it ik gcOe-ru I 1 1 the InOn nr rhs nl the K ti.riiillp.ka
and the western p" rt*. of India whom: martin t deeds;
reminded the people uf ihr valour of PamsnrSnta. 0|
ik Ka|ieuriya king K&yimuriti Swyi, Deva, also tiiJJeci

Soma, an inscription dated a. u, 1374 relates thus ;

“His jJofU Aivaithlhlfi a causing with afjeotion she
moustaches 3tid beard o| ihaC Soma to prow thick, as if
for ornament, when Parainrama with a raging fire of

I- f , ’pic iP,J a ! *i <‘ Vurftnr, JtV. |ij m,

2, I of STfavatfu Sik tSft, p ||JJ [Lm ed.4.

I’viiJi ileV. nhif- ttfrfi co-Thu uipi'lik'n of ibc CoSis frnmdir Ksi.rn>ii.-i|cj
country, Si* 1 Riw. JMji. S? CViffrjr-, p, Ti,

3. b I., VI. p. 253,

u IN THr LRGENEi I”A R il^UR AHA l‘J

fpry came to aw allow up l he kini;- ■ with p/tai .ih'fcc-
■ p re*e rw d 1st m , and together with a sign (<ir crtist)
tire r*--i of Kijtcuri to that f and I y — itiss livafwriii*

Vira Narasirnha ll 1220-1235) of the Hoysaja
dynasty, is described in a record date A, u, 1223 H to he
L *stfongrr I him FaraSdrSma

The curlier stum of Para&utiima having reclaimed
the land Ek given in an ErscrEptiEsfi dated a n IjtH

thus ' — Having Ccirfied buck the ixieiin H.:id e<in avert'd
the earth, the Acme oJ mifihf nod liberality, the side
[Cfflpirorv of fame, was Jimadug i'lV a wha, L ji i ri er t|i l;
K^atfiy [ha. I fjuln enjoying the Girth were felled w if 9h
pride, made it aa far as encircled by the ocean the
possession of ihe Urahmant 7

ftcmims-cences of the pi mis iIk of ParaSurSnii in
Karnataka as we IE .us in the regions around i[ mat non
be mentioned, A defaced inscription dated A,D, 1538
of the times of the Y i j a Yanagari monarch Acyuta
HSya, informs us that Pafft^Ufirna had sel up the image
of the goddess Kftjshi in the nntyo 4 -tc fra of iJabcsm
Kojah, and thnl (in the same year] tie name ul lltat h;i[y
place was changed into KriliUa TChSrjiava A I "he god in
the Vehkataramapa t cm pie at Laldmndaniihn!!! in the
llteakotc tiilukA. i* said to have been set up by
Par jfiurSjna , according r< • the ^fioin-Tiri&riPijfii «f lh =
locality.'

1. § V II_ fit- 2J[k e- ISli- i Myi. I irirrj |jri iuio p. 12_

3 , IS. C. r V ] I- trt jfla , p, 146. *■ IM, X, K1 , 1 ll, p- 44,

3. K.C., X. r Kl. 114. 0.44: Afy F nhf. R^pr-. f*f 1^1^, m 7.

. J iNCIELrWT K.AHS

E (*.

m

]]ir::cii.i^.i jnr in til l- Kadur district, as the

of i lui plate relates, was once the r«idtnce
uf nine .t’dii l nr iaitUi, who performed ficimnte near
. pond in the village known as SidfUiaiiusltJirarii. It then
became the residence id Papl^urama. An image of
ltamn was set up there. The Itwn alsc contains a
i insular memorial It is the temple of Pamiu., nr the

akc of the hero, I’he t< n was re christened as
HharKavapurL 1

Sorsh t ■“ Itika, is the ^orah-hT which whf JaniaJigniT
possession ("he temple n: Reouka, fh ruth it of Para^Li-
r;lm:i, eyitfiriK to this d,iv, at Q rlra grittl , Ls Said EQ
mart th« spot whero the turn t herself on the funeral
pyre i:f her |i i ish H nij lI .md tin reniplc lit E-E.6lijl.u.mfn;i
ui ]\i>Jin is said lo hj', l: huen tt cctcd in ter honour
from KStiacTr v:l’m EiAvinp heea dtiu there. The
cnlEULiuy with SflgafH »* said to turve been held near
I 'irthiihitlji ll v its. here at Tlrllmhalh that Parasu-
rSona stood ahd aimed his an.c ai Sugars, as is also
narrated hi tk GrftmiiJVffflfiftirfj of Tu|nva.

There is i processional image of wood representing
Piiradurama irt the village called Cikkanay alt nsnflhalli,. '
Pa|\s, n email village twelve miles west of 3 1 assail
the Hassan- Rakalcspirr road, fk reckoned to have been
".he he rmitage of Jamadagni 1

Tu]uva too IsiS places which are- atsuLiuied w-vcFi
:hc memories and doings of E'arasnrSmu.. Three miles

1. .lfrr .IrrA- 1 Hrpr , fur if’lti.p.il; .V:< Gitz„1. p-2th. (kv. Dd r j
Ut_ Giu.. IWd. t. }fy. JtM. ftopt., TeT I'M*. i». H.

-T. ftrJfnr ««6. PP. 1-2-

T] TW?VA IX THE l.flUCHO OK 2l

unfth «f U i.Jl p> lies- I he Village <0 Putt Hr whieli contains
j jeinpJt of Durga FJIn^avati said to have been e stahl i^-
& hed by Parasurima. AlthoupEi il 11 : csri^m <if cEii* tompik-
is according to us cf hj i 1c- JifliTcnt, aa vk shall punt out
in a later content , vet popular cunccpticrq cornice t -
it vvirlb Parasuriima It is said iliax he established [Iil-
imafTt of !>ur^a llhagavati in that t cm pit. Reside r
this image Pa r asurUm a is said to have erected t It ret
Dlirga images and tour :Yli ijA/uva* around U^ipi-- The
DorgiUtiyas were chose at K unjarij, EL ;t i u>a ra pad i ami
End rail, flndrlsf] nr IndraJh). Hie tour Nu^otit^ai
were lh<i$e of \ ntodu , Tl^iT^u, Maiig^lti, amt Alner;*-
lagcitlii. .ill pf them being in the t : lipi taluk a- I djj'i

or RajalhapTthd test it. on* of the seven holy places in
'Fuluva , is said tu owe its cvktrntr to Parasurami's
piety. J li i- nt her i-i\ ren t tl's lu'tt ICutllJrlidri (inodun

Sii!:.rjlbrr.:ui vjl, k u mbhakSi L trtirjd u t n K^ti'i I . J hivajesora

(modern KotcsvaruJi K rOda (mod cm ^iihharansr^ya't'iiE.
Mfikiiriihii (modurn KoLln.ru>, and Gokurnu [elcit\- Li,
North k ana rah

The temple nl RSnufca ai Kunjarapin , a village
atv.jici eight miles t f > the snuth-ea^t nl l dip!., La cun^-i-
dered very holy because of I lie image nl Hc-nitliii whitfi*
ae ti i rd i nj!| 10 the Sti\ii\t\-ttt4h$iinya nf the locality, Fursaci-
r a Ki,i installed in memory of his mother ,* I lie Sihn'~<j-

|. “I'timSr tour I^w)iji\inyiis wikit (lie Cijnr nfrf^rjf+iy^ ftirrn (h^

-j3J.n J.'.. Ifj.l’XliJl B' Mill, I ll*j±aiu E niliR. LI A_ tS ■

2. We may vlnerv? lwrr that in holy pLice ui kmaj.inipiri.
thuFv -bre Eiiut T'l'rnliirc cnSkJ huajuii pin* < !hi ISri rihp , DfuinutEl rlK i r in J
^lEiiiirilu. l/tgLjul u ier j Ise s Ihvcn ni (hi of riafsiuTwii 1 , 1c

12

AWCrF.WT

[ Ch.

ol Kudif Lbu npitEts thflt Ptirasuramn. made j

r aerifieiu] Lite iii-hit h the K SnapSthi Jogifl of the north

turned into aA altiir 1:1 I it e r h.| j y h .

The region immediately to the »ou(h »f TuJuva,.
hL«: c*4i hi iv ed its H-ri^iii tu Paras arama- least

so it is related in the i radicional ji ctoum ts ot tlmt
province called KirfuieAputfi . Thflsst legendary account?,
nl K era lit which will presently be cited, arc, however,
more confu&Ltiji than thnisc of Tulutra . 1

We may brie Ely note here how Parjyurarna has
figured m the annals of other provinces as ivoll. Thu*,
fur instance, it is related in the tradition* of the
Khatrih how, when he was exterminating the K^atriyni,
a pregnant J^irl escaped and took ^Iwliet with a Sarsur
(Harisvatal Hrflhn'iiin. When questioned hy the pur-
suer*- the Brabitiah s-aid (hsit she n'ss his coofc(khaif uc?),
qhJ i i) prove it etc bread of her hands.' Paiasursm^ i?
also mentioned in ihe traditions of the Mi run and ISra.!>
mans- of the Sutlej and ■ >1 Pilias of Bihar , 1 It i?
maintained by some that a few sculptures in the
Kr>narah temple in Oriasa represent the shooting of
arrows hv Parasurama.* Commenting' on one of the fc>u?:-

ih irtLcftLCiiiiJ: CO HjZiCl; UmC rhu Tulu IbHRU-JJ! IIHk Ivl-i.I1 UkiI ID DOUiiQr:^
liotl with I ' I r .■■■■'. I 7 ■ I" I . i in d i nlr iCLk iluChi-jL- L'lllih ±. Eli Lli 1 ' Oi ilatilrnn^
■L: >e_ . rt is- a iriace e.illrd ParHuT ■ i;m i 11 J r :l • sort's- midcriptiftno of which
in portly in Tu|ju, ftkn b On?., 1- J0A (lit «d.)

1. ' Lay Ear, f.'iitii'.rujyiK- JtoiiOiuu <1 On>ifirJ .Wjjp h III. pp. ftfcf-h.
W i„iir, OiirV. I .'fliL, [. j*. I.

!'. fiJiiiB f. pp 2¥/-2 ,, i; rti'dp I E- p- Zt.

.1. Etnst, Carla oiJ 7>t&cr cjf ill.: I ■ P- 3+|i: C A. I. p. 331..

4. T. A., XLV1I, p. 215

ri *t.M!GXD I.TltflriO^S OF FMA&mlMA 23

reliefs ai lluiljmi, ]>r ■ Charperukr remarked iKai the
j J liirjha -or win jj(vw in); ha&kct found therein may pnmibly
be referred |n ] h jrn»>iramri

.V EXAMINATION OF THE STORY RELAlTL+G TO

JTfE VUJjfiEn CRE ATIONS OF E'.AFt ASl K-UJA

I Ire deT ailed references; to charaeicr

and valour given above , while thev prove the ox creme
popularity of die btl-ji personage undo! the veneratkm
in which he v as held, t'ftpc-r rally in the Karnataka and
Tamil rfRWt, do not rtwtiln nuticn of hi-s- ere at ions
which deiiL'Txe cuhv to he examined also with the aid Ol
I icer Bry and epigraphical tvidoite, I'hiit FaraJurSlua
cleared the carc^ trl the Ksatriyas twenty-one timer t
tradition, liieriuy works, and inscriptions unanimously
rtftree. 3 n rhe version rd h is story as given in iEic
IWah/ilthii nil^i ;|T. H repeated in ifie E^r fan Ptifa nu , as- asivli-
tioned aha vi;, ^ e satJ 1 Li : l : ] 1 .1 c a:--'. i r ;i 1 1 1 ;i gave the earth
to cite tiiioistcrinn pricBta vho, v-hhi the permission oJ
Kaftyayra, divided it amongst themselves. It was alsu
further observed that Jiiio;ida^iiva retired to the sea
ihrrre of the moulIi, phi Ireinj: told Ivy KaSyapi diat he
had no place any tv I-l- re t<« re&ide.

'J'hese [wo tletails seem to liavu I umished later
tuiters with matter for ilLe construction of ait ingenious
story which is best described in the ji*^dW-,A£i>iJii oi
the Sbaittiti-Pvr3j)ri. Narrated in the briefest words, it
is cSsl- following !— T'hal Parasurfima stood on a part i -

i of ikr kvwu) . Ji.-jnv .s-v^ri ji .T I'^a. p. m.,

24 .V'KJliKIT K AFtN * "| AbiA [ C l "

cutai spot, threw hi* battle axe i n t-n (nr, an pinf say,
*h<>t htaarrowe atl the Ocean, and with the lntuJ thus-
ri;]j:i(|uKitcd TO Itirn by SjjjarHf formed *cvcfl divisions
known as tlte H®pta Ku^kiuni^. Ol’ I IilSc stvin di v Lticna ,
Tujluc-a ii' as riTif , v \ mimuler di-visitiM iv*s made of du
land into iff-fiTi ikj or vi I ln^es which ¥tre dhurihuMd
amongst the Brahmans 1 After a sene* of events wind;
injed not be described here, he retired in flit Mubendra
mountain .

' | ' h e SqhynJri-liBjTild asserts that lit sttmd Cni tlic lop
til the Hahy-n-iSfjfljfJccfJifaayfl .t'ikharr. rif^lleiijj- 1 ["his. spot may
he identified with Tlrthabalh mentioned both in the
st)fa\ti-Tnahaimj£is ul ilii Kurniitaka a* well a* tlmMs ed
Talma, and nut with .Mount DiLIy, an remarked hy
Wilv mi Icmsjj ;l^u. Ar Ln the pinto wlieie 3 ? arasuranfi|j
final! v retired h tic are i old. that it tvat the Maheudrii
m o u nt ai n on t he SOU t he rn ae ashc re . T It i :■ w as in i Ot he j
llun the muRt southerly apiars of the Tru vane ore hills.

! SitIi jit Jr i JhT h (to I 1 1 j c .u iSI u , Ch- VI. % . 35, p. 3£J

2, WLlatn,, |"^jru t ^ur. ,*rv,i jp_ I'M, J>j j! 1 1 [\ j ,i»i mietiooHl

.n>j'viliun.-, ui Wihon i-uem i in thank , tfiul tlitrt hi.L smra:-

■m'tr (St «ie in’ modern K.em|a., Wflum nrifei ItlTthn' ifl- the uiul
ixiameCiun ■■— " It m^uii likely chpc wt huve jinraf 'hi the loc>l h-gtin!
heins it Ir4kt ** uld l- Che liypinfii-nji ol cl-., Ch.ri>tiin erg. Hstlw Muni*

t'yrrl-.ui ii-r ['inlL-niv il ppnhlhly the nn.Ti-H.tl Ifl of [tirihj nrl^mkt:

Rrfrn*-'” Jfcd- .-We elm Wilwft, M.tiife. Celt.. I, p *cie Ki«
Tert'hW tb.ii.-in he* .Vj 1 . £»r»;, P I, ■pr'S'fr p. L Jli I it ed.f iltltot ]h*ra*ii
isiinCi'inc J hx Wrixna ciiuun Ln- cmce-J nnyerbere in Ihv wpojtraplnfcil
ileci fuiwn In hiioury. On Mount lOLCtj- *t iJo L t p . resd J H
niiJ, p. th&, -kvc ; iAnf. tor 192 J. pp S 3"-4 ; iAiJ for 1914 ,, pp. iS'-tf
L'coltmy- moutiofie ['urrhu-i nr tho Kud H>IU. J^ure*;?, p r-J- (Itlt-,
Clfifidle. Cibutti.

ALLEGE!* CREA.T{OH.a Of I'ARaJi

_lr

still caltsil hy that lums Lrflm win.' re IE ■i i i Mil's iii l if. said
[ i.. 5 > 5 i'i‘ leaped Eli) |n l.niik:i 1

Nifw ^e come tu the main purl vd the storv uf
Psrjsiifam;i with which we -ire concerned, ofs-. the-
acquisition of h large: stretch of count ty I'rcjui the ■>cciii':
by him, his alleged division ol tk land into seven
district*. ciite nf which w,ts called Tu|uvi, and the dis-
tribution nf thete *e ven pr uvi rates am c*ng the Hruhimin?,-
as given in the ^ah^ltiri-kaada and in the traditional
.iccOimts cd Tujuu called the ftrflmiptufrfhfii i . Thus is - ,
the SflAjWn'-fcflftiJa .

B eflU^hjir^TflJjTi faini^ firUrtf iijfntim daUifil • vufhii-'i 1 U/£iih I

.V ti n i ' rrii' i ■ -'TV i-i.Tfl I'h'n.i i- in'p^Trtrtcflt a Tirfl i r n i ; ■ >■-■? n

I diUnymyt rjVi Inure Jij ^le^r'ie/ir^irin ^■«i. i i-dr. , y/uT-iufJ'r^r e 1
Srj^ HI ( -nrjjf :.T.r -prr.Vir J|i- UJr S‘ UJ'JtSAflrd 'rr-CjW I’ll Sf .hiJcim l!

I his- would j i'i iik i the country reclaiinnd liruii lhr
tea one hundred kin^AiM in length ami three .vcywiti.T l;
hrtiSdti: I : :>in the '.'jitArayi I near N&sik.) in I hi north i ■
SuhfAhirta Oya in the sciutli The faEthiulncss of slur
author^ of Skandn Putiisa to one detail given in the
.WirWhA-ifufrj ii apparent when wv road in the above

1‘ ^fbllTrajTrTnVTj k r k iii-ilbi:'i-'i. > i; if) , ki fy» 'll, i'i I t . |^f. 1 .

A Oiatii -effect iHLKftt I'll A Q1 VtakiLn.lru |& y i l ni ift. eIii: t-liiIi/ I'Pli' whl-W r
i :■ - £ p r |J L > ! V iLilivl in In: jn itlG MOflfhr ^IHC*. t L . ri . hi 2 1 ! p-. 3 • H ■ '

t^E'ip|lnr]kjr, H-spiIkIv |YJ5}. AlulietKlriL'iri lh> » fi« mile* tranL
Niprrmil It u.ti* h*T«-ein lii* Mpkt-ra'tragiri tKit nr, Ji.icw- J, 1*1] 5,

'rf llie ttirET cj’hiIi .' j wk» kiJ Ijl'lii in- thit kill, m j.s crubhiil by a tviSil
rk-phiru., ni, vi i yi % ■ ■ 1 1 L- ■ I m ik. 7 i'wi U i wImi, Rnintuv, ilaud June

ti. 1«J,

1 . JVnfr.i lirfjf 4,1 nil 1 .. L. Hir L h . VI . ri I 3 -I 5 .

WClENT K.CRh’A'! .-t K *

r ct,.

3ft

extract. fkiit this e xct I ] en t jitid newly created place u;is
christened frtrrparaka district, This was. the name, i*r
wt h;i v t noted iIiqvu. JC; ■ \ t:ia In Lhc Jtew provitLCE in ih*
l> ii ml i FnrL?u.

\V"e may obaeive hero 111 at the CiiUmupaJrffistf
Tu[uva , based to aoim extent as it w an on the SciJijff^i*
kilnJa, also caaifirma the detail concerning the tenpth
and breadth of the new province hut adds a lew more
detail* which were obviously lhc outcome oF tndipt-
nous intellect- Thus one Version of the CrriTmapiM/imafi
depict?, P-aniSufStna a* having taken h is stand on the
5tifjfiff-wrFttcn in Rome versions Sarnya - mountain which
in evidently an error For Salty a mrmntain ; and of having
secured a, stretch -.■! tcrrilory three in eKl^nt

fr-unt the Siiiilia nnMiiit ;i in add thirty $<yjQiia9 l rum
li. jnynLmiiSrT tu Trly drnbal-a, A m-CMC accurate veriton
rtf the same work ascribed to rate FShattSclryj, gstes
i he length nt the province as nrie hundred jwJsmb Irom
hiaail in the north to KHTiyiktiniiri in the south and
three yvfcma in breadth front the S*hya muunt in r, 10
the western sea.'

The SflApOeft'i-iSfli/a US jbo that JaTTliidepnya

created the Sapta fitfimit with which we arc

not concerned here. £ In j later pasPiilZe u'c hstfO the

]. In. the ■, irr>rtin j4jnuriniiiiMl by Wjlieti, we are informed thal
Virnreiunm tlifLV hi:- ay-i: frrrcn C-uka,rn« 1“ Kurnlfr, u^i-il die rctinni:
ikkuh yiehlkd turn ttst eiKikt nf MalnSmt ftckiw |ltc l*rltuJt gJ 15
,1 lymi. tVUum, Mild. CaN.) [. InrtT pp- Will an ■t»pi-

Irjurtd* htfe Tn|u»H pn>|ipf w P th MiUbar El, A - S,

J, SitftjriiilrF'AJ^stp t.'inii'. I. yv, Sl-53 . p. JOE.

II

A[.LF«;j?ih qRTTATKars or

17

stun? m cnt l'c gave L^'clve jj r*w.a t^ Hyn;hinstn^ :

^frflSiT/Vi.VJJfJ^/i-rtJii^Lfn(im-ifja.-?iini HTjJarwn! lar/iT >

GrSMtS/f3ni Ji:ii if nA iTqvTnr (w pitl'irnrirjrnu JQ Arl-i^e VijJi H 1
And then we have the names ol the f umovs seven
dirisiUis of the new Hand fjii e: il rlnas.: — Kerala, FufuiLga
E-f.d . h ‘L'utuva evidently!, Halva, ftau rostra, Kurifcai.tu,
Karnhiia, iiptd Karnataka. ‘t Jiese were the well known
Ss pt a K cnik au aa n t wes tei n 1 ndi a.

While the fact of his having reclaimed the &tir|*iL-
rnka province from (hfc oMiin ami of his having eals-
blished the fiapta Kuti&varaa di vitbinlC certain I tacts mt(>
iTflve $frm<rr amongst Bra h mans i* thus nnttaicd in
t Si £■■ epics arid the PjrrJ^u , it ii nnt told anywhere that
he formed the seven lUtmructs mtn t mne d alw»ve. I’he
epics and the Pariixaii excluding the
du (nit M]ic;ak c. k t th L " E^apti ]\ Oftk a II Me Hf having bn ml
treated by him To ihe absence ol thin import am
detail in the ftinffijua , we may add two considerations
10 prot e iliai iht Evapta Kortkanas cannot he ascribed
in Faraiurama at ail. Sn (he elaborate description ut
the activities o| Knnavlrya 3nd ol his sons,, and of the
diatom ft t ut l w Inch Fu f aau r Hiii a sii f| l- e v l! a t tin- Ii ands
nl I>af,ar;itls.a"A snn Kama, as give n Iw K^lid-isi, whose
acquaintance wtili (lit traditional oriRiri of u par! n>f the
western coast we have already nnm, no mention ss
made til the Hapla Kunkinas at all. On cli e other hand,
Katid Hsi merely informs Li* th.nl Pa rasEu rOm ? had yivt-m
(he whole ear'll bumi Jl lI by the ocefm tn the dcaer ving

1 A 2. fbiJ, CK VI- Vr 42. p.336. v, +fi 1, pi. 32B.

tltrahmanah TFms dous Paras ijr3isi:i him sell tdlRama; —
Even tli c opposite of victory (r.-c,., defeat! inflicted by
thee — dit Prime vat He Lug— i» certainly agree a h[e to
me who have Ted Lived Lu iisFics the Ltiomiei of my father
jn-d who have made nver she whole earth hound u d by
else oceans to the- desers inji .

pilr-Jmsaff pMra*Vi-<'a posm/M^r

.-i hitah Jl'J pT ■ d rpurr yo J 1 i? (TK nrc v'ltitfhfii ri?n (M.fiiim’fthini,
jL’liVlJ IF 1

The absence fif any reference to the cj cation of the
fiapti Korik.an.as by Parasiurarna in the wrjik of Evdlidasii
proves that the legend of fiuptn kortkiiftas rimst have
originated after the poet 'e time. i ■■., jIu i i tie. filth sir
the sixth Cun t Ur t vp-.

Another consideration wjiicFi ite-es to confirm the
,i in i ic assertion is the diversity Of opinion ameFg fhe
writers nl the story as re Fanis tE>e names of the
districts thai ctmaprr&cd the Sap til K rink anas. 'I lie
Sir^y^cfn-tniwhi includes among lhe honkiinas the name
Tolling*, SocEi a variant uf tEiy name I'uEiiv-a is eiot
met with in iinv nl' the hitherto discovered historical
rcmtdsor traditional nttounh of tEiat district. Instead
of JIavve mentioned in tli t Sd hpfltfn -kUnttn, we haw
flovarastra Ln other nCCtaunts. SaurBjfra ofiltcsaiiiL-
PtrfjKj er called Vara fitti in Qtlicr vcTFioni." And in-
stead o| Karnlta. other ac court [ h =idd Barbara . * L-'ur-

l. KfuHnrwui, X [. Jf'i- Vt alto ifcit, vi‘, fnM? fm iht itory
h?I S-Liirtivlry.*.

2il. LVIlien .^Kahr KIT. p. 47. fti). for “«■*

jT+Lwitih- Gnatttirt, f. F. IS. p. 2& 5, n- f5).